Water which contains a high level of dissolved minerals is generally referred to as “hard water”. The two most important minerals are calciun and magnesium. Hard water has no health implications – but it can lead to the build up of mineral deposits in plumbing, heating systems, kettles, dishwashers and various other domestic appliances. It has a poorer performance than soft water when using soap and general detergent products – you get less lather.
During the course of the natural filtration through soil and rock, water dissolves small quantities of minerals which are then held in suspension in the water. As the amount of magnesium and calcium in the solution increases, the level of hardness of the water rises.
To complicate matters further, there are two different types of water hardness – temporary hardness and permanent hardness. Both types are caused by minerals in the water.
It is not possible to remove permanent hardness by boiling the water. This is caused by calcium and magnesium sulfates and chlorides which are contained in the water. However, despite its name, permanent water hardness can be removed – usually by the use of an ion exchange column – sometimes referred to as a “water softener”. Basically this removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water and replaces them with sodium.
Water which has temporary hardness can be treated just by boiling it – or also by the addition of lime. Temporary hardness is a result of calcium and bicarbonate ions in the water. Boiling the water makes the bicarbonate form carbonates and extracts calcium bicarbonate from the solution which results in water that is softer when it cools.
Scaling, often referred to as limescale, is the result of residual mineral deposits which are left after the hard water has evaporated. This can fur up pipe, leave chalky deposits in kettles and considerably reduce both the effectiveness and life span of appliances like dishwashers and washing machines.
However, there are some relatively simple and easy steps which you can take in order to combat the effect of hard water in your home.
Be sure to select the right detergents and soaps. There is a wide selection of these which are specifically designed to be used in house which have a hard water supply. Picking the right one will get your clothes and dishes cleaner and will increase the lifetime of your appliances by reducing the build up of limescale.
Secondly, use a lower temperature setting for your boiler. The greater the water temperature the more mineral deposits will be liberated from the water. These will be deposited in your pipes, water tank and any domestic appliances being fed from the hot water supply. Using lower temperature settings for your dishwasher and washing machine will also improve matters somewhat.
Finally, if your primary concern is dissatisfaction with the taste of your water then simply filtering the water will usually make a noticeable difference. You can install an inexpensive under sink filter or even get a unit which fits directly onto the tap. Simple and inexpensive jug type filters are also effective if you want only relatively small quantities of filtered water for drinking and cooking.
If you are experiencing problems with hard water think about using a Brita water filter – there is a wide range of different types available. You can even get a Brita kettle if all you want is better tasting hot drinks.
Tags: environment, food and drink, health, home improvement